Damage to coral reefs can range from minor injuries to the severe degradation of its structural complexity. The natural recovery of coral reefs from severe groundings can take years.

Due to an increase in tourism, Egyptian coral reefs are a primary source of income and employment, and are a major impetus for international investment.

Official records show that there have been 170 Egyptian coral reef damage incidents to date.

The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Authority (EEAA) is the authority which deals with such incidents and may issue compensation claims against a vessel. Egyptian Law 102 of the year 1983 for natural protectorates regulates and adopts penalties against the party responsible for damaging coral reefs.

Where a damage incident does occur, compensation claims can be extremely large. The following formula is used to calculate what compensation may be due based on a number of factors:

Where (A) is a measure of damaged area in square meters, (LC) is the percentage of living coral, (D) is the percent damage in the area, (RP) is the number of years required for recovery and (V) is the value of one square meter (set at USD$120, and USD$300 for national parks).

Due to this formula, even small incidents causing damage can very easily result in a large claim against the vessel.

Should an incident occur, it is recommended that the owners of the liable vessel are to secure an independent underwater inspection report or the damaged area, carried out by a suitable diving company, which shows the exact damaged area and the extent of damage to the affected coral reefs so as to have a base for arguments regarding the claim which may exaggerate the extent of damage caused by the vessel.

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