The Japanese Maritime Law (“the law”) was first codified as part of the Japanese Commercial Code (“the Code”) in 1899, but for over a century, the law did not undergo any substantive or material amendments.
The IMO announced that two new draft mandatory measures to cut the carbon intensity of existing ships have been agreed by its Working Group on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships.
The Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on global trade has led to many shipowners selling off their ships for dismantling earlier than they might otherwise have done. According to the NGO Shipbreaking Platform, 166 ships were broken up in the first quarter of 2020, and 98 ships in the second quarter.
The Poseidon Principles, launched in New York on 18 June 2019, is an agreement reached between the finance sector and the shipping industry to integrate the IMO’s policies on climate change into ship finance decision making processes
In Part I of this article, the authors introduced the three new eBL providers whose blockchain based systems were recently approved by the International Group (IG), and provided an overview on how their systems work. Here in Part II, we take a look at the recent products and initiatives of Bolero and essDOCS, two of the first generation eBL providers. We also take a look at cyber risks again and at whether the paper BL, as a tool, is still fit for purpose in today’s international trade.
Three years ago, the UK P&I Club issued a Legal Briefing[1] on Electronic Bills of Lading (eBLs) in which we tried to de-mystify the concept of the eBL, by providing an insight into how the systems of the three eBL providers approved by the International Group of P&I Clubs (the “IG”) at the time, namely Bolero, essDOCS and e-Title™, work. We explained the legal principles relied upon by these providers to enable their eBLs to replicate the essential functions of a paper BL. We also tried to put cyber risks in context by explaining that these risks are risks associated with the general use of computers in our businesses, and are not risks specific to the use of eBLs.
The UK Club’s Correspondents in Brazil, Representacoes Proinde Ltda, have prepared the attached Practical Guidance on Cargo Claims in Brazil. This detailed guidance provides an explanation of the Brazilian legal system in Brazil, the country’s regulatory framework, how cargo claims in Brazil are handled, the applicable time bars, etc.. Members who trade to Brazil will no doubt find this guidance very helpful. If Members have any questions relating to the content of this guidance, please do not hesitate to get in touch with your usual contact at the Club, or to contact the Correspondents directly.
Senior Claims Executive, Victoria Brown looks at a recent case that demonstrates recognition by the courts that the owners and operators of passenger ships are not liable for norovirus outbreaks provided they implement the industry standard procedures to prevent the outbreak of illness, and take the necessary measures to manage illness and bring it under control if infection does occur.
