Time charters and legitimate last orders

The Japanese Maritime Law (“the law”) was first codified as part of the Japanese Commercial Code (“the Code”) in 1899, but for over a century, the law did not undergo any substantive or material amendments.

Collision action – Convoy of eight vessels transiting Suez Canal – Five-ship Casualty – 100% Liability for collisions

On 17 October 2020, the Standing Committee of China’s National People’s Congress (SCNPC) passed the Export Control Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “ECL”) and the same entered into force on 1st December 2020.

Bunker spill from an oil and chemical tanker in ballast – Is the tanker a “ship” as defined in the CLC Convention when in ballast, and not carrying persistent oil?- Is limitation to be determined under CLC 1992 or the Bunker Convention 2001/ LLMC 76/96?